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Abstract
Impacts of climate change, which result in sudden increases in flood flows at headworks structures, emphasise the critical importance of advancing research and implementing effective engineering solutions. The Piano spillway, a promising solution, has been the subject of extensive research and application in irrigation and hydroelectric projects. Its standout feature is the ability to increase discharge capacity by 4 to 5 times compared to practical spillways under similar arrangement and flow conditions. Numerous research projects have investigated the influence of dam geometry on the ability to discharge or connect the flow through the dam to the downstream at spillways with low water level differences. This study employs a mathematical model to examine the flow behaviour through the Piano spillway connected to the energy dissipation step with a significant slope at the Nam Si Luong 4 hydropower project. The research results shed light on some key flow characteristics through the Piano spillway on the headworks. Additionally, the paper utilizes the Omega method to identify and analyze vortices on the water step, thereby elucidating the energy dissipation mechanism and the energy dissipation efficiency of the downstream water step solution.